Although people with mild flu may downplay its severity or mistake it for a cold, in some cases the flu can be much more serious than a cold. Both illnesses are contagious and caused by viruses, but flu symptoms can be more intense and sudden, leading to more serious complications, including pneumonia in some cases.
Young children, the elderly and people with chronic illnesses are most prone to complications from the flu. Below, Brian Nguyen, D.O.pediatrician with Woodland Health Dignity Clinic answers some common questions about flu season.
“As children return to school and COVID-19 is still present in our communities, it is very important to take steps to protect your respiratory system,” said Dr. Nguyen. “Start by asking your doctor about vaccines and adopting simple flu prevention habits to stay healthy.”
How well do flu vaccines work?
Seasonal flu is most often caused by influenza A and B viruses. These viruses can mutate, leading to different strains each year. Think of these mutations as disguises that viruses use to evade our immune systems. However, the good news is that vaccines are regularly updated to reflect circulating flu strains. So how effective are these vaccines? During seasons when flu vaccine viruses are similar to circulating flu viruses, the vaccine may reduce the risk from 40 to 60%. Getting the flu vaccination can also reduce your risk of being hospitalized or seriously ill. In a 2022 study, flu vaccination reduced children’s risk of getting severe, life-threatening flu by 75%.
When is the best time to get your flu vaccine?
For maximum protection, the best time to receive your vaccine is at the start of the flu season, before the flu begins to spread in your community. Try to get your flu vaccine as soon as it is available at your provider’s office or local pharmacy, usually between September and October. If you miss the fall deadline, all is not lost. Plan to get it as early as possible before the flu peaks, usually in February.
What are the disadvantages of the flu vaccine?
Like any medicine, vaccines have benefits and risks. In almost all cases, the benefits of the flu vaccine outweigh the potential risks. Common side effects include pain, redness, headache, fever, nausea, and muscle aches. These are usually temporary and go away on their own. Life-threatening allergic reactions to the flu vaccine are rare, but you should always look for unusual symptoms after any vaccine. Although some people may break out in hives or have difficulty breathing within a few minutes or hours after receiving the vaccine, these side effects are rare.
Can the flu vaccine give me the flu?
No, the flu vaccine cannot give you the flu or make you sick. Sometimes you may feel tired, under the weather, or experience other mild side effects, but these usually go away on their own within 24 to 48 hours. It is also possible to get the flu before the vaccine becomes fully effective, usually two weeks after vaccination. The most important thing to remember is that the flu vaccine is your best protection during flu season. It is recommended for anyone aged 6 months or older. It is also important for pregnant women to get vaccinated so that the baby is protected until the age of 6 months. Talk to your doctor if you have a history of allergic reactions to vaccines or have concerns about other side effects.
What month is the worst flu season and how long does seasonal flu last?
The flu usually peaks from December to February and can persist into May. It is wise to get the flu vaccine as soon as it becomes available in your community and before the cold winter months, when most people spend more time indoors or in busy places like trains and airports.
What else can I do to prevent the flu?
Hand hygiene and other healthy habits can help ward off bacteria and viruses during flu season. Remember to cough, avoid sharing utensils, and stay home if you have a fever. You can also try different ways to strengthen your immune system, starting with getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising regularly. It is important to drink water, even if you are not thirsty, and to avoid or quit smoking, as smoking can increase the risk of respiratory infections.
Takeaway meals.
Influenza is a seasonal respiratory infection that occurs every year. Although some people with the flu recover on their own, it can cause serious complications. Getting a flu vaccine every year is the best way to reduce your risk of getting the flu and spreading it to others. The best time to get a flu vaccine is as soon as it is available in your community and before temperatures start to drop, which typically forces people to stay indoors. There are different types of flu vaccines, some of which are specifically for people 65 and older. Consult your doctor or advanced practice provider (APP) to find out which one is best for you.
Sources:
Flyer for Flu Patients (cdc.gov)
Flu (who.int)
Cold versus flu | CDC
Flu Symptoms and Complications | CDC
Seasonal flu vaccines | CDC
Frequently asked questions about the flu: 2022-2023 season | CDC
Influenza: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Flu vaccine | Flu | Flu | MedlinePlus